Installation of HVAC System Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Installation of HVAC System - Assignment Example A developing company AA Fertilizer Ltd is planning to set a fertilizer plant in a remote area. Since it’s an unpopulated district a township has to be built, before the erection of the fertilizer plant, for the Engineers and other technical staff’s accommodation who would be hired. This would not only make the work packages more lucrative but also save the traveling fares which would have been offered otherwise. Considering the severe climatic extremes existent in the region where the township is to be erected, installation of a central heating and cooling system becomes essential. Project Alpha which we are considering would be dealing with the installation of a HVAC system for the township. This shall further cover the installation and commissioning of air handling system, pumping system, chiller plant and associated machinery. Project Alpha will result in helping the company overcome the cons of setting a factory in an area with extreme climates and devoid of habitat ion. We expect that the HVAC system will be fully operational within 6 months of the ... Import and acceptance of material Prequalification of Contractors RFQ request for quotation Evaluation of bids Award of contracts Construction of civil foundation for HVAC Machinery Prefabrication of mechanical piping and erection piping Electrical works -laying of power supply cables Power supply to HVAC System Installation of HVAC equipment and machinery Installation of piping and interconnection with HVAC Equipment Commissioning of HVAC System Hook up with the fan coil units in the residences Checking the performance of the machinery against the specifications like meeting the heating and cooling requirements Acceptance test End of project For Cost Management the expected costs are to be compared with the actual expenditures and corrective action taken. Meetings or cost management shall be conducted. Indices which facilitate the financial review process would include Cost Performance Index

Ethic Simulation Essay Example for Free

Ethic Simulation Essay This week I participated in two Ethic Game Simulations; The Mysterious Blogger and The Veiled ID. The Mysterious Blogger was about the leaking of confidential information by an employee and the actions of a second employee. The Veiled ID presented an issue that arises as the company tried to implement more strict security issues. The â€Å"Mysterious Blogger† had me playing the part of the Director of Information Technology for G-Bio Sports Company. During a routine check the department finds there is an employee that is posting blogs about the company and although 90% of the information is not confidential and questions safety this is a clear violation of the company policy. An anonymous email is also received by me this note indicates the name of the person posting the blogs. This information was obtained by hacking this person’s personal computer. My department was able to identify the name of both employees involved. There is an ethical issue on both cases one employee is violating the NDA policy and the other is violating the privacy of another employee. The action of both employees can cause major harm to the company. It is important to identify everyone that needs to be informed of the situation and decided the proper way to handle the situation. Both employees have been with the company for a while and are an asset to the company. Based on this information I do believe that both employees need to be discipline and made aware of the seriousness of their actions at the same time ensure safety concerns are address. My next step is to involve the proper stakeholders, our HR Director and our Legal Counsel they will help me validate my position and outline next steps. â€Å"The Veiled ID†, I play the part of the Associate Director of Operations. The  company has recently suffered a breach in security a former employee broke into a lab causing not only damage to the equipment but harmed another employee in the process. A new security system is being put in place to protect employees and our clients. Every employee will be required to carry a work Identification that will include a photograph without the ID they will not be allow in the building. Although the solution seems to very easy I did not take into consideration that some of our employees cannot be photograph due to religious beliefs. After, determining who will be affected by my decision and discussing the issue with a representative of our Human Resource Department, Training Manager and, other employees. We decided that the photo ID will still be require however, there will be some measures put in place to accommodate people with special needs. In conclusion, by utilizing the Rights and Responsibility Lens and the Baird Ethical model I was able to determine the best decision for each separate situation. The decision was the result of a serious of steps that help me first identify the issue, the people affected and the effect that my decision would have had in the community. Each steps helps you understand what is morally right and fair for the primary stakeholders and the community and how your decision making impacts others. Making sure that you understand everyone that will be affected either directly or indirectly is important prior to making your final decision. Doing the right thing is not just to following company procedure; it is also about protecting the shareholders interest and the interest of the company. In the case where the company’s policies were violated, the company must make a sound decision that that produces an outcome in the best interest of the company and its stakeholders. The ethical perspectives used to make the decisions during the simulation were based on options given in each scenario. In the simulation, you were to determine the best outcome for each scenario based upon the information given. Neither one of the scenarios had a right nor was wrong answer it just the best ethical decision you consider fair for all parties involved. The important part is to make sure that each situation it’s analyzed and all the components are taking into consideration prior of making your final decision. Reference Trevià ±o, L. K. Nelson, K. A. (2011). Managing business ethics: Straight talk about how to do it right (5th ed.).

Of Mice And Men :: essays research papers

Of mice and men is a novel about two men, George Milton and Lennie Small, who go to work on a ranch in California together. Lennie is a massive man with incredible strength but has a child's mind. George is a fairly sized man who is not incredibly brilliant but has good common sense. The two men travel from town to town and job to job to just get by and survive. But they dream of saving up enough money to someday get a place of their own where they "won't have to answer to no one" and "live off the fatta the land" Lennie dreams of having rabbits of his own that he can take care of all by himself. The ranch they go to work at is in Soledad, California. When they arrive, they go to their bunk house, where they meet Candy. Candy is an old, weathered man who has been working on the ranch for years. He befriends George and Lennie and they confide to him their dreams of having their own place. Candy tells them that he has saved up a descent sum of money and asks if he can tag along in the adventure if he pays his share. Another man on the ranch, Slim, gives Lennie a puppy to play with but Lennie, feebleminded and sweet attempts to love even the gentlest of creatures, but, as he only has a childlike understanding of his enormous strength, the results are often tragic. Curly is the boss's son, and sensing Lennie's simple mind, he attempts to intimidate and antagonize him not anticipating his strength. He hits Lennie because he thinks Lennie is teasing him. Lennie tries to resist fighting as long as he can but after suffering many blows to the face from Curly, he grabs Curly's hand and squeezes it so hard it breaks every bone in it. Curly's wife is a beautiful woman who is always lonely and attempts to receive "love" through the attention of other men. In Curly's seductive wife, Lennie sees a beautiful and innocent creature, like the small animals he attempts to love. Though she seeks to take advantage of his innocence, she cannot know that his strength coupled with his naivete is, for her, a dangerous combination. She comes into the barn one day when Lennie has just killed the puppy given to him by Slim because he played too hard with it.

Locating the company Essay

Mary Anne used to work in the public library but has resigned four years ago. Currently she writes articles on Wicca and witchcraft for an online website under an assumed name for privacy. She claimed that her ancestors were into the practice long before they came to the US to migrate. According to her, the practice was never foreign to her having grown with a doting father who was a physician studying herbology along with his siblings. Animatedly she began to talk about her funny experiences as a child and showed me her private carpeted room which I was not allowed to step inside. Standing in the halls, I was shown a set of altar tools used in rituals which includes a broom or a besom, a cauldron, the goblet, a hardbound Book of Shadows, a boline or a knife for cutting things and many more. The room was well-lighted with several lamps that looked like candles, and there were several unlighted candles of white, black and gold colors. I was then told that the tools are just plain tools that have no actual powers of their own. According to Mary Anne, the â€Å"tools† are used for a particular purpose and while they may seem unimportant, it is considered rude to touch them without permission. A pentagram was framed at the corner of the room with 3D effects. Altogether, the Wiccan room she showed me was a stark contrast from the rest of the house. We went back to her sitting room and started talking about the popular Wiccan groups in her community. For her, there was no difficulty in locating the company of others but her path is unique and so are the paths of her family members before her. According to her, the Divine is everywhere present in every being. She respects other members and practitioners but prefer to practice alone to maintain focus. Although she attends meetings from time to time, these are often associated with certain religious ceremonies. Knowing that I was quite interested in the craft, she started preaching on the value of ethics and the threefold law that what you do to others comes back to you threefold times. Respect for others and their liberty is critical in the wiccan culture and religion that allows us to be freed from our own selfish ambitions according to Rountree (2002). For Anne, the air, water, and the earth are essential for life such that she is a vegetarian unable to hurt and kill animals even for food. Fire according to her is in her heart as her zest for life is written down for others to read and aid in the wiccan practice and religion. For her, the principles of Alexandrian Wicca or the Gardnarian wicca is important but does not have to be the ultimate guiding force into the practice if the religion allows freedom and liberty as its cardinal rule. Her parting joke to me was, â€Å"do not be afraid, the true wiccans are not into evil practice† made me see that a true religion does not impart teachings of subjugation and control to its members.

Honda Environmental Leadership Essay

Honda Motor Co. is the largest motor cycle manufacturer and a leading automaker in the world. With a worldwide network of over 501 subsidiaries, Honda’s diverse portfolio includes small sized general purpose engines to scooters and sports cars. The philosophy of Honda Motor Co. is well entrenched with the Japanese culture of pursuing the ‘triple joys’. The triple joys reflect the joys of buying, selling and creating. The company has been particularly recognized world over for its initiatives in tackling environmental challenges. Although environmental concerns and need for reciprocative action became eminent in the mid 1980s, Honda’s efforts in this direction can be attributed to the 1960s when air pollution was first understood. The environmental leadership at Honda is deeply rooted in the company’s vision to be ‘a company that the society wants to exist’ (Honda Motors, 2010). Today people throughout the world have become conscious of the damages automobiles can do to our environment. Thus we see environment friendly automotive technologies emerging in response to uncovering environmental situation. The concept of Green Motoring has taken shape, which involves using alternative fuels in order to reduce air pollution. Among the efforts automotive manufacturers take to contribute to the environment, is the use of fuels generated from bio alcohols and bio mass. Green motoring is now focused on using hydrogen as a fuel (Green Field H 2008). The vision of the company is indeed too radical, at least with respect to environment protection. Wanting to see itself as an entity that the society doesn’t object, is indeed an unprecedented thought, reflecting its understanding of public thinking. This philosophy also highlights the importance it attaches to public perception of environmental degradation. The company seems to believe that the society will allow it to exist only if it is compliance with its expectations. It is therefore no wonder that Honda had taken a leadership role well ahead of its competitors, proactively. The environmental impact has been fully analyzed, encompassing its manufacturing process, the vehicles manufactured, the support activities like administration, transportation etc. The environment friendly initiatives are reflected in all its subsidiaries throughout the world. Honda seems to have made environmental concern a part of its global strategy. All Honda operations throughout the world, have a significant bearing with respect to environment protection for the countries in which they operate. Discussion Honda seeks to create new value by incorporating innovative ideas that reflect the changing needs. The company is committed to the future, by minimizing its effects on the environment and its intake of earth’s resources. A recent survey by DuPont and the Society of Automotive Industry (SAE) has identified environmental concerns as being the biggest challenge for the industry. According to Chris Murphy DuPont director, environmental considerations are transforming vehicle design and development and have become a differentiator in the marketplace. About 54% of the respondents saw fuel efficient vehicles with reduced environmental impact as being primary to the consumers (Laura 2008). On its part, Honda seeks to address climate change, produced due to higher concentration of CO2, CFC and other greenhouses gases. By introducing hybrid and fuel economizing technologies, CO2 emissions are not only reduced in Honda vehicles, but throughout its entire corporate activity. With regard to depletion of resources, Honda has been developing technologies, solar cell development and energy saving technologies. The company is well set to be ahead of the stipulations expected of it, as a vehicle manufacturer. The ongoing regulations are only expected to get tougher with time, and vehicle manufacturer in particular have to be well prepared to achieve the required standards. The Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE) requires cars and SUVs to increase their fuel efficiency by about 4% each year. Thus by 2020, a fuel efficiency of about 35 miles per gallon has to be achieved (Crawley, 2007). The compliance of Honda to environmental concerns is evident from its 1972 development of the CVCC engine in compliance with the US Clean Air Act, which was the world’s toughest emission regulation of the time. The company pursued its development of catalytic converter and other such clean emission technologies in the last four decades resulting in its vehicles emissions being reduced to 1/1000 of its 1970 levels. Honda is currently promoting its Green Factory initiative worldwide, together with energy conservation and waste reduction initiatives in its non-production activities. About 324 subsidiaries including 224 non-manufacturing companies have been covered by this (Honda Motors, 2010). The direct and indirect energy consumption at Honda Motors is shown in Appendix 1, while region wise energy, water consumption and waste are shown in Appendix 2. The genuine efforts in wanting to pass a beautiful natural environment to the future generation is reflected in the company setting up its own independent goals and working towards the same. Some of the notable concepts in Honda environmental aspirations are: Green Vehicle development: Striving towards development of zero emission for all its vehicles, Honda became the first Japanese company to comply with the recent emission regulations. The company developed a special exhaust air injection system and a programmed system for fuel injection which is currently used in its VFR motorcycle. The company’s 50cc Giorno Crea scooter is highly fuel efficient and also environment friendly. Fuel Cell Electric Vehicle (FCEV): Even as early as 1986, Honda had been involved in the development of a hydrogen powered fuel cell electric vehicle, today seen in the form of FCX Clarity FCEV. The car has been the result of two decades of work by Honda’s engineers, in an effort to truly preserve the earth’s environment. The car uses an electric motor and a fuel cell stack and does not emit any CO2. When the fuel cell stack was developed for the first time in 1999, it was too large and bulky. Through continuous research and development the fuel cell stack underwent transformation to become smaller and lighter and yet more powerful (American Honda, 2010). This in turn enabled the vehicle to become elegant and comfortable. The highlights of FCX Clarity FCEV are: †¢ Only water vapor emission †¢ Reduces carbon dioxide emissions significantly †¢ Certified as a zero emission vehicle (ZEV) Green Dealer: The Green dealer concept streamlines and enables efficient use of water, electricity and paper through continuous assessments and improvements of existing systems. The concept is directed at conservation of the environment and keeping the polluting activities to a minimum (HMSI, 2007). Creating an awareness of environment among the employees and the general public is also a part of this scheme. Goal setting: Honda’s efforts towards environmental preservation are reflected through individually defined targets. In 2006 it set emission reduction goals for CO2 emission, to be reached by 2010. In 2007 the company set targets for reducing environmental impact, also intended to be achieved by 2010. The company is on track to reach targets. The future is only getting tougher for the vehicle manufacturers, though Honda is firmly set to meet the required goals. While setting environmental goals for itself, across global operations, Honda has been too detailed in its approach. The company approached the environment problem from several perspectives. As part of its global environmental policy, Honda sets specific goals with regard to its Life Cycle Assessment System, by which the environmental impact is measured and analyzed. Apart from monitoring and reducing its emissions, it also studied and monitored the impact on environment due to its emissions. The company through its suppliers and partners, thus sought solutions through innovations and technologies, to look for ways to be in harmony with nature. Honda of Canada Manufacturing (HCM) was among the first auto manufacturers to receive the ISO 14001 certification. HCM today recycles about 99% of its production waste and is working towards 100% recycling (Cambridge Center Honda, 2010). The company is credited with bringing the first Low Emission Vehicle (LEV) to Canada. In 2003 when it started production of the Civic GX, the car was rated by the EPA as having the cleanest IC engine in the world. In 2002 March, Honda introduced the Honda life cycle assessment system (LCA) to estimate the environmental impact of its products. CO2 is one of the main elements that are monitored through this assessment of products, from manufacturing to disposal. Corresponding to the levels detected, targets are set for all domains including production, sales and service, and administration, with initiatives implemented to achieve targets. In 2007 Honda introduced the product life cycle assessment system (LCA) which revolves on the CO2 emissions from a single vehicle through its lifetime. The calculations revealed that 78% of CO2 emissions are associated with product use and 6% during its emission. The company can now assess CO2 emissions more accurately, for every aspect of the vehicle’s life, thus contributing to reduction efforts. The CO2 targeted reductions are thus directed at 80% of the total emissions, with regard to LCA. Conclusion and recommendations All sectors of global economy are increasingly coming under environmental regulations to ensure that all business practices, no longer continue with disregard to the environment. The vehicle manufacturers are among the earliest to receive such stipulations as vehicles are a major contributor to pollution. These manufacturers are faced with a challenge of optimizing lean manufacturing and environment conservation. While the two aspects of manufacturing are important, the approaches to both are different, and have a huge bearing on the organization’s success. Honda is indeed an automaker with a vision for a sustained future, as evident from its setting up environment based goals and policies, proactively. The waste reduction culture at Honda indeed has obvious benefits for the environment (Maxwell, 1998). There are several societies and organizations that make up this world of ours. The culture and priorities of these are widely varied. Not all their approaches and intentions are the same. This reflects their attitude towards environment too. Although we share the same environment, there is no guarantee that competitors would be equally concerned of the environment. When some organizations take immense pain and effort to protect the environment, investing immensely in it, their competitors can easily make profits by avoiding or manipulating these. Environmental protection requires fundamentally an understanding, a concern of one’s actions on the environment. Honda has set an exceptional example by understanding its actions on the environment, and taking cautious and big steps towards ensuring a sustainable environment. The environment is a common habitat for all, whether one indulges in pollution or not. Organizations should follow the footsteps of Honda with a sense of same involvement and dedication, for only then we can give a future to the following generations.

Free Essays on Hamlet’s Cause Of Madness

The Shakespeare play Hamlet, the Prince of Denmark reveals a confused character. Hamlet presents himself to be an apparently sane man yet portrays an insane one for wanting revenge. Hamlet’s uncle, mother, and Ophelia mainly caused his effects on his life. Hamlet’s madness is not only caused by his being angry, sad, and in grief, it is caused by some characters. Other characters have sympathy towards him and try to help this tragic hero. Hamlet, at first, appears to act mad when he hears of his father’s death. It seems as if there are two Hamlets in this play, one that is a sensitive and kind prince, and the other who is crazy and insane. (Bloom3) King Claudius, who is Hamlet’s uncle, assumes the throne after the death of Hamlet’s father and marries Queen Gertrude, who is Hamlet’s mother and the widow to Hamlet’s father. The madness that Hamlet shows is very noticeable because he can’t seem to get over the actual death of his father and still wears black, nor the fact that his mother is married to Claudius. Claudius finally notices Hamlet who is standing in black robes of mourning for his father. He tells Hamlet that it is not normal for a man to mourn for such a long period of time. Queen Gertrude agrees and asks Hamlet to wear his regular clothes again, and both king and queen beg Hamlet to continue staying with them at the castle rather than returning to his studies in Wittenberg. Hamlet agrees to stay, and his mother and uncle rush out of the palace to celebrate their new wedding. After their departure Horatio arrives with the guards and tells Hamlet that they have seen his fatherà ¢â‚¬â„¢s ghost. Hamlet then makes arrangements to join them to watch for the arrival of the ghost that night. Laertes, Ophelia’s brother, is preparing to leave for France but warns his sister to stay away from Hamlet. Laertes says that Hamlet is a prince and may not be able to marry whom he chooses. Polonius then turns to her... Free Essays on Hamlet’s Cause Of Madness Free Essays on Hamlet’s Cause Of Madness The Shakespeare play Hamlet, the Prince of Denmark reveals a confused character. Hamlet presents himself to be an apparently sane man yet portrays an insane one for wanting revenge. Hamlet’s uncle, mother, and Ophelia mainly caused his effects on his life. Hamlet’s madness is not only caused by his being angry, sad, and in grief, it is caused by some characters. Other characters have sympathy towards him and try to help this tragic hero. Hamlet, at first, appears to act mad when he hears of his father’s death. It seems as if there are two Hamlets in this play, one that is a sensitive and kind prince, and the other who is crazy and insane. (Bloom3) King Claudius, who is Hamlet’s uncle, assumes the throne after the death of Hamlet’s father and marries Queen Gertrude, who is Hamlet’s mother and the widow to Hamlet’s father. The madness that Hamlet shows is very noticeable because he can’t seem to get over the actual death of his father and still wears black, nor the fact that his mother is married to Claudius. Claudius finally notices Hamlet who is standing in black robes of mourning for his father. He tells Hamlet that it is not normal for a man to mourn for such a long period of time. Queen Gertrude agrees and asks Hamlet to wear his regular clothes again, and both king and queen beg Hamlet to continue staying with them at the castle rather than returning to his studies in Wittenberg. Hamlet agrees to stay, and his mother and uncle rush out of the palace to celebrate their new wedding. After their departure Horatio arrives with the guards and tells Hamlet that they have seen his fatherà ¢â‚¬â„¢s ghost. Hamlet then makes arrangements to join them to watch for the arrival of the ghost that night. Laertes, Ophelia’s brother, is preparing to leave for France but warns his sister to stay away from Hamlet. Laertes says that Hamlet is a prince and may not be able to marry whom he chooses. Polonius then turns to her...

Complexity and Contradiction in Architecture Essays

Complexity and Contradiction in Architecture Essays Complexity and Contradiction in Architecture Paper Complexity and Contradiction in Architecture Paper Complexity and Contradiction in Architecture Robert Venturi In this article the author Venturi talks about the importance of applying inner complexity and contradiction to create more sophisticated, diverse architecture over over-simplified, black-or-white architecture. Non Straightforward Architecture: Gentle Manifesto In modern society even a simple building holds many complex aspects, its program, structure, mechanical program, and expression. The author opens up a view that is different from the traditional, orthodox idea of architecture: embracing the problems, challenges, complexities the design has to resolve. Venturi prefers richness of meaning and inconsistency over clarity and directness. However, he also states that the complexity and contradiction of the architecture shouldn’t be excluded from the whole. It has to hold its truth to the totality. Complexity and Contradiction vs. Simplification or Picturesqness Many modern architects have ignored the diversity and the sophisticated elements to try so hard in their attempt to break through traditions. They have abandoned solving complex problems and including various requirements. The principle of modern architecture, â€Å"less is more† has been taken the wrong way. The strong attempts to follow the simplicity of modern architecture, many modern architects have sacrificed important considerations and even oversimplify the architecture. Forced simplicity can result in oversimplified architecture and it can mean bland architecture. The desire for simplicity doesn’t have to sacrifice the inner complexity of the architecture. However, the desire of complex architecture is not of picturesqness or subjective expressiveness; it’s that of the program and medium of architecture. Ambiguity Ambiguity and tension are easily found in complex and contradictory architecture. Architecture is perceived by its form and structure, its texture and material. Therefore, how the architecture is perceived depends on the viewers’ personal opinions, experiences, and interpretation of the form, structure, texture, and material of the architecture. In comparison to a poem, the author discusses that a successful architecture promotes diverse opinions, perceptions, and experience of the architecture with great tension. Contradictory Levels: The phenomenon of â€Å"Both-And† in Architecture The traditional architecture is characterized by â€Å"either-or† while the architecture of complexity and contradiction is characterized by â€Å"both-and. † The source of both-and being contradictory gives different levels of meanings and values among the architectural elements. The observer’s perception of the architecture becomes more vivid because it involves more rigorous observation for the meanings and values of the architectural elements. Complex and contradictory architecture have both good and bad spaces. It is the architect’s responsibility to decide what elements he or she wants to compromise for the whole. The complexity and contradiction of architecture gives multiple meanings and experiences to the users at different time and from different point of view. After reading this article, I realized the importance of providing more interesting, vivid, diverse architecture to the users. It is not always about the beauty and apparent function of the architecture. It is the architect’s responsibility to create diverse and various levels of experience for the observers. It is so fascinating to know that I can create a single space which people can experience multiple meanings of the space at multiple points of time. I think that is one of the important aspects of what I consider successful architecture.

How to Use the French Expression Pas de Problème

How to Use the French Expression Pas de Problà ¨me The French expression  pas de problà ¨me  (pronounced pa-deu-pruh-blem) is one that youll hear in any laid-back conversation. Literally translated, the phrase means not any problem, but any English speaker will recognize it as no problem or no worries. Its a handy phrase to know and considered  acceptable etiquette in informal speech as a means of apologizing or acknowledging an apology, as well as putting someone at ease after a gaffe. The formal version of this phrase,  il ny a pas de problà ¨me, is also acceptable in any situation. Examples Excuse-moi pour mon impatience.   Im sorry for my impatience.Pas de problà ¨me.   No problem, dont worry about it. Cest pas vrai ! Jai oublià © mon portefeuille. Oh no, I forget my wallet.Pas de problà ¨me, je tinvite.   No problem, its my treat. You can also use pas de problà ¨me to ask whether theres an issue regarding something specific: Question argent / travail, tu nas pas de problà ¨me?   Are you OK for money/work? Question temps, on na pas de problà ¨me  ?  Are we OK for time? Related Expressions Cela ne me / nous / lui pose pas de problà ¨me.   Thats no problem for me / us / him.Il / Elle na pas de problà ¨me de compte en banque  !   He / She is laughing all the way to the bank!Pas de problà ¨me, cest sur mon chemin.  Ã‚   No problem, its on my way.Pas de problà ¨me! No trouble at all!Les assurances vont tout rembourser,  pas de probleme.   The policy will cover it. Thats  not a problem.  Tu sais, si je dois partir demain, je pense que ca ne poserait  pas de probleme.   You know, if it all ended tomorrow, I think Id  be okay.Si à §a ne vous fait rien. -  Pas de problà ¨me.  Ã‚  If you dont mind. -  Fine. Synonymous Expressions Ça va. Its okCe nest pas grave. No problem. (literally, its not serious)Cela ne fait / prà ©sente aucune difficultà © Its ok.Il ny a aucun mal.  Ã‚  No harm done.Tout va bien. Its ok. (literally, everything is going well)(informal)   laise!   No prob! (literally, easily)(informal) Pas de souci.  Ã‚  No worries.(informal) Y a pas de là ©zard!  Ã‚  No prob! (literally, theres no lizard)(formal) Qu cela ne tienne. That is not a problem. (literally, upon that may it not depend)

Comparative Error Analysis of Public and Private High School Students Thesis

Comparative Error Analysis of Public and Private High School Students - Thesis Example y significant difference in academic success rates of students who attend well funded private schools as opposed to students who attend public schools that are under-funded. In this light, high school students schooling in the different setups will definitely exhibit differentiated results and characteristics based on the intricacies of the different schooling schemes. For instance, students in private schools go through a curriculum determined by the board while their counterparts in public schools use a curriculum determined by the national educational standards (Bryk, Lee, and Holland, 45-46). This inadvertently implies that the results from the different students get affected. Private schools focus on passing exams while as public schools focus on completing the syllabus. In addition, given that private students fundamentally run on money collected from the student’s school fees, the quality of education is thereby determined by this. This means the student is a product of the school he or she attends. Public schools get equal funding from the relevant government agencies. With a high level of standardization and policies the quality of educa tion becomes leveled (Epstein, 34-35). High school students attending private schools are so focused on passing exams while those in public schools focus on learning a myriad of other skills as opposed to education alone based on the curriculum and associated policies. The effect of funding (independent variable) on academic success (dependent variable). Lack of adequate funding in the public schools makes the public students to perform dismmaly in the academic endeavors. On the other hand, private schools generate adequate funding through a variety of different sources including students’ tuition fees, endowments and grants. This makes students to excell in studies due to adequate provision of learning materials. Besides, curriculum development (independent variable) also impacts on the students educational

The Rights of Corporations vs. The Rights of Women Essay

The Rights of Corporations vs. The Rights of Women - Essay Example In fact, British allies affirmed that, the personality of the partners was at greater risk depending on how they were treated (Humphreys 125- 130). The rights of corporations as well as the rights of Women despite of them being preserved since the early times, Women rights in comparison to the corporations have been extensively violated. The magnitude of violation was much felt before and during the 19th century. Even though some rights were implemented which empowered women within the business, their still much to be done because they have still not been fully incorporated within the business world. Rights of corporations have been preserved since the early times and are still being amended at the present day. Personhood was integral to the discussion since complete legal â€Å"personhood† had been discussed extensively upon the Limited Liability Corporation in Britain and America about twenty years prior to the discussion. Capitalism had been completely misshaped. As it has been indicated from Lectures IV and VI, the Limited Liability Act of 1855 in Britain had established liability to companies integrated under the Joint Stock Companies. Act of 1844in relation to some capital necessities, had amended the need to obtain a special charter from the Legislative to form a company involving only effortless registration. The structure additionally streamlined under the Joint Stock Company Act of 1856, entailing only seven participants to sign a Memorandum of Association and to include the name or rather abbreviations â€Å"Ltd† at the end of the company’s name. However, the final amendment was resolved in 1897, in Salomon v. Saloman & Co., Ltd., the House of Lords, the then Britain’s Supreme Court. According to this statute, a corporation was analyzed as being as a separate legal entity with its partners (Humphreys 130- 140). Limited liability meant that the shareholders were a different from the corporation and were only liable for the capital invested in the corporation. The company could either sue or be sued in its own name unlike before. The company being a limited liability meant that it could even carry out business activities on its own. This necessitated to raising high capital in order to form big companies that the growing economy needed and also to carry out the operations of the company with administrative competence. Some perceived that it was morally wrong to alleviate partners from undertaking the responsibilities linked to a company. This was also incompatible with the moral principal which held that owning a business under your name was an expression of religious calling. It was not in order to have several members have some share in the business each having a designated responsibility then abruptly they were being relieved from their assignments and become limited to the business (Humphreys 160). Even though there was an intense debate on the issue of limited liability of a company, the decision had been arrived at and it was very essential to the new social order. It was very had to accept the reality, considering that they had been used to Capitalism which entailed mixed consequences as opposed to the Ltd Company. Formation of Limited Liability Company was a great challenge to the British Friends as most of them were separated from their businesses that they had

A Small Community Business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

A Small Community Business - Essay Example A Small Community Business The local stores, farms, and their cooperatives in our location greatly benefit from the existence of Ice Cream Heaven because Mr. Haynes sources his milk, dairy products, and other restaurant and cooking needs directly from the local business suppliers. Ice Cream heaven gives off that American vibe that can only see in Pop Tate's ice cream parlor in the Archie comic books. Just as our community evolved over time, so did the menu and other offerings of the restaurant. Having started out as purely an ice cream scooping station, these days it boasts of meal menus and sandwich snacks for those quick fix meals that the busy parents and students in our neighborhood requires. What is even more admirable about the business is that it hires workers from within our community. Ice Cream Heaven has 20 high school part time job type of employees that admirably helps our local families from lower income brackets survive and boosts our local economy. The annual sales of Ice Cream Heaven should be around $250,000 or more a year because of the combined income from their ice cream scooping station, ice cream gallon sales, and sit down clients. Mr Haynes told me that the taxes he pays the community has helped maintain the local park and kept the community library in business by adding computer systems for the benefit of the local public school. Ice Cream Heaven has been an integral part of my childhood and continues to be a memorable place for me as I mature into an adult. This is the place where my parents and I often had my birthday dessert when I was a child.

Donner party film research Movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Donner party film research - Movie Review Example PatrickBreen left for US to live the life of his chosen religion which was catholic. Lansford Hastings saw US as a still undeveloped country which could be made very useful and profitable. Conversely, amajority of the people went to the US as an obvious destiny which was referred to as manifest destiny(The Donner Party). This destiny was a belief that American pilgrims were destined to develop the whole continent thus saw it as their justifiable land. This plus the idea of riches that awaited them with the discovery of gold them fuelled the desire to travel to California. George Donner and Jacob Donner were brothers who were already successful before they left for California. In fact the Donners are the mastermind of this journey and their opulence is portrayed in the type of wagons they hires for the family. They have three wagons each for their families.George Donner was motivated to travel by the gold discovery and free land in California. 2.Who was Alexis De Tocqueville? What was his reason for coming to America? Was De Tocqueville’s opening commentary in the film about the American people accurate at that time? Explain in some detail. Is De Tocqueville’s critique still relevant in American society today? Alexis De Tocqueville was a sociologist and political theorist of French origins. His reason for coming to America was to study the prisons of America. The study which led him to write his most acclaimed work ‘democracy in America’. Alexis opening commentary in the film was ‘American’s chase prosperity with great intensity until death eventually halts them in their tracks’(The Tragic Story of the Donner Party). Alexis opening commentary in the film was very accurate at the time this is because the Donner party scrambled to get to California in order to get more free lands, riches and other wealth they had heard of before. Some people even were already successful like the Donner family but their greed led them to travel and most of

International expansion proposal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

International expansion proposal - Essay Example The company is wholly owned by publicly traded Limited Brands Company; operating 1,017 company-owned stores and 18 independently owned stores, with annual sales of $6 billion and an operating cost of $1 billion as of 2012. The company has hierarchic system of governance with Sharen, Jester Turney as the CEO and President of Victoria’s Secret Megabrand and Intimate Apparel while Lori Greely as the CEO of Victoria’s Secret stores. (Website:www.victoriassecret.com/victorias-secret-sport). Victoria’s Secret intends to diversify its market by opening new branches in China; the world’s most populous country with population of over 1.35 billion people, second largest country in the world by land area after Russia and a socialist country espousing communism (Meng, 2011). Economically, it is the second-largest economy in terms of nominal Growth Domestic Product [GDP] totalling approximately $8.227 trillion by 2013 as per International Monetary Fund [IMF]. Reasons f or expansion to China To tap into the growing market of the China’s women population 48.73%, and demographic distribution of 13.3% and 42.8% on 0-14 years and 15-59 years respectively. Tap into the industrialization advantage in China to reduce cost of production Maximize profitability with the competitive exchange rate To maintain the competitive standards of Victoria’s Secret and brand image as a global outfit To tap into China’s skilled and multi-talented fashion designers, workforce, view point and knowledge to ensure growth as a company To tap into China’s economic wellbeing and favourable trading environment Tap into China’s favourable climatic environment and Sporting culture of basketball, tennis, swimming and martial arts Internal Analysis Value Victoria’s Secrets has with time strengthened value on its products starting with lingerie to diversify to sporting attires, swimming costumes, bras, panties, sleeping gowns, clothing and sh oes. The launch of â€Å"PINK†, a new lingerie line targeting 15-22 years old with products such as underwear, sleepwear, loungewear, beauty products and accessories; will create value in the new Chinese market more so through their product lines such as Angels, Very Sexy and Body by Victoria, intended to transition buyers into more adult product lines. The competitive exchange rate of the dollar and the Chinese Yuan, gives the company a competitive advantage of price and cost leadership giving the company capability to mitigate threats in the market (Barney & Hersterly, 2010). Rarity The uniqueness of design and the PINK product line creates the competitive advantage in the Chinese market coupled with the new accessories and fragrance lines which will match with the economies age distribution. The company’s customer service experience coupled with loyalty cards promotions and effective marketing strategies such as their catalogue, sporadic arts in fashion publications and referrals/word of mouth will help conquer the new market. In addition the company has employed social media marketing with incorporation of sites such as Twitter, Facebook and Pinterest account; expanding its website to feature behind-the-scene contents of its catalogue, in the Victoria’s Secret Direct, which are the strategies we can apply in the new market to lure the youthful and techno-savvy population. Imitability Most of the products by the

Donner party film research Movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Donner party film research - Movie Review Example PatrickBreen left for US to live the life of his chosen religion which was catholic. Lansford Hastings saw US as a still undeveloped country which could be made very useful and profitable. Conversely, amajority of the people went to the US as an obvious destiny which was referred to as manifest destiny(The Donner Party). This destiny was a belief that American pilgrims were destined to develop the whole continent thus saw it as their justifiable land. This plus the idea of riches that awaited them with the discovery of gold them fuelled the desire to travel to California. George Donner and Jacob Donner were brothers who were already successful before they left for California. In fact the Donners are the mastermind of this journey and their opulence is portrayed in the type of wagons they hires for the family. They have three wagons each for their families.George Donner was motivated to travel by the gold discovery and free land in California. 2.Who was Alexis De Tocqueville? What was his reason for coming to America? Was De Tocqueville’s opening commentary in the film about the American people accurate at that time? Explain in some detail. Is De Tocqueville’s critique still relevant in American society today? Alexis De Tocqueville was a sociologist and political theorist of French origins. His reason for coming to America was to study the prisons of America. The study which led him to write his most acclaimed work ‘democracy in America’. Alexis opening commentary in the film was ‘American’s chase prosperity with great intensity until death eventually halts them in their tracks’(The Tragic Story of the Donner Party). Alexis opening commentary in the film was very accurate at the time this is because the Donner party scrambled to get to California in order to get more free lands, riches and other wealth they had heard of before. Some people even were already successful like the Donner family but their greed led them to travel and most of

Electronic commerce Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Electronic commerce - Essay Example It has also resulted to a difference in the way the companies relate to each other. The increased use of the internet has been contributed to by the need to perform business on line (Baye, Morgan, 2001). Various companies have managed to place their products on internet servers, where they have managed to advertise even using virtual brochures. In order for companies to attain competitive advantage, the virtual market should be untapped so as to reach so the many internet users (Baye, Morgan, 2001). Electronic commerce is defined as the buying and selling of goods, services or information through computer networks using the internet. E -commerce offers new ways of doing business that no company can ignore. Electronic commerce has brought with it several benefits, and it is also extremely convenient. Some of the benefits of e-commerce include; shortened remittance time, companies have managed to easily promote their product, both consumers and the companies have saved on the cost; it has enhanced the provision of timely information. E-commerce has also ensured a consistent flow of information; better customer relationship, it has enhanced the customization of products, and it has also brought with it the convenience of doing business (Baye, Morgan, 2001). ... The informational strategy has proved to be productive for most companies. An example showing the use of this strategy is Insight Direct, where a discount computer cataloger marketing mostly to business, obtains only 10 per cent of its deals from its on-line collection; however, such a company manages to get more than more 75 percent new customers from the site (Baye, Morgan, 2001). Another strategy used in e-commerce is the on-line or transactional strategy, which normally uses an electronic catalogue of goods for sale. Those visiting the site can normally go through the catalog and purchase products online. Despite the fact that the informational strategy provides an electronic catalogue and ordering information, it does not enhance online business transactions. The informational strategy does not, therefore, exploit the ability of the web to be used as an interactive medium. The transactional strategy is what most consumers relying on e-commerce would expect. In e-commerce for a c ompany to increase its overall performance, it is essential that the company establishes a website. This strategy may have a disadvantage, which is transaction insecurity. Online transactions have proved to be successful both for the small and medium sized companies. Such companies that have benefitted using this strategy include; the Virtual vine yards and Amazon.com. The use of the online transaction strategy has enhanced the growth of various enterprises; this is because the web has proved to be a potential money making vehicle that can be used in e-commerce (Baye, Morgan, 2001). The two strategies, however, have both advantages and disadvantages. The advantages of using the informational strategy include;

Aging Workforce in Singapore Essay Example for Free

Aging Workforce in Singapore Essay Populations in many developed countries are ageing, and Singapore is no exception. The first batch of post-war baby boomers will reach 65 years of age by 2012. The number of seniors will increase from 8.4% in 2005 to 18.7% in 2030 (refer to Table 1). According to the 2010 Population Report,  The proportion of residents (i.e. citizens and PRs) aged 65 and above increased from 7.0% of the resident population in 1999 to 8.8% in 2009. Correspondingly, the number of younger residents aged 15-64 for every resident aged 65 and above (i.e. the old-age support ratio) fell from 10. 1 in 1999 to 8.3 in 2009 (refer to Table 2). (Singapore Department of Statistics, 2010, p. 4) Today, one out of every 12 Singaporeans is aged 65 or above. By 2030, this ratio will become one out of five. On January 2011, the parliament has passed down the new employment law of changing to retirement age from 62 to the age of 65 from January 2012. This is a good news to many Singaporeans who felt that they are still capable of working beyond the retirement age of 62 (Nayak, 2011, para. 3). An ageing population brings both challenges and opportunities, having tremendous effect on all parts of our society – individuals, families, communities, businesses and government. Therefore, we ought to prepare early for the challenges of an ageing population to ensure the well-being of our seniors and their families to provide the first line of support. At the same time, we must be ready to seize the economic opportunities that will emerge from the demographic shift. Aging Workforce in the Hotel Industry With relevance to the major demographic trends, aging population, this revolution will change the face of our labour market. Correspondingly, the workforce is not only ageing, but also growing at a much slower pace. Increasingly, companies are facing problems in recruiting replacements for retiring employees. This is a reality that companies have to grapple with and adapt to. Nevertheless, not all companies are being affected equally nor are they moving at the same rate to identify and address how the ageing trend will be impacting their businesses. Impacts In the hospitality industry, service is the factor that differentiates hotels from its competitors. Therefore with a large amount of aging workforce in the frontline, it will bring down the image of the hotel in terms of appearance; a younger worker would look fresher and have a better appeal to guests. As a guest of a hotel overseas, he or she would be preferred to be served by younger workers than people of an old age. As older employees are naturally more prone to illnesses, they would tend to take more medical leaves thus decreasing the manpower. When one gets sick, it affects the employees’ mood to work and thus less concentration when working. This in turn reduces the efficiency of the operations of hotels. In addition, the needs and interest changes with aging workforce. According to the study by Tripartite Alliance for Fair Employment Practices (TAFEP) (2010), â€Å"rising health and insurance costs, concern about physical abilities, and adaptability/willingness were ranked as the top three challenges† (p. 3). With the ever changing preferences and needs of the society, hotels have to constantly upgrade their standard of services. However, older employees may not be equipped with latest skills and knowledge needed to achieve the hotel’s competitive advantage. Thus, there is a need to constantly upgrade the skills of their older employees. Older employees are more resistant to changes and improvements. This may be mainly due to their thinking of already having the appropriate experience and knowledge and there is no need for further training, especially in the situation of â€Å"leapfrogging†, where a younger worker is put in charge of a more experienced worker. Many hotels will have an advantage by having a large pool of elderly employees. It is mainly because there are many job positions which young employees would be unwilling to take up. Most time, foreigners would be hired to fill up the rest of the job vacancies that do not appeal to the young employees; however, hotels can have another avenue of recruitment – the elderly workforce. This will give hotels a great advantage to handpick the best candidates out of the pool of elderly workforce. In hotels, there are certain positions that elderly employees occupy, for example managerial positions. Being loyal to the company, they would not want to leave their positions easily as compared to the younger workforce who usually job hops for a better pay. This relieves the hotel’s need to constantly recruit and train new workers, thus helping to cut the costs during the process of recruitment and training. Challenges A) The Human Resource (HR) unit has a challenge to allocate the older employees in suitable positions that is beneficial for both the hotel and the aging workforce. The HR unit also has to ensure that the hotel would maintain a good image and increases their productivity. There is also a need for the HR unit to create a supportive culture for the older workers in order to manage such diverse workforce. B) Keeping older employees motivated at work along with the right attitude is important when serving their customers. In addition, with the older employees being more prone to illnesses, hotels have to struggle with ways to keep their costs low and at the same time provide adequate medical benefits for them. During such periods it is more crucial for managers and supervisors to show them care and patience. C) Values tend to change from one generation to another as well as during different life stages. The thinking of the older generation is more conservative than those of the younger generation. It would thus be a challenge for the hotels wanting the older employees to improve their values in their job scope. With a more conservative mindset and thinking, they would be afraid to try new things and be more innovative. In turn, the hotel will lose its competitiveness if new changes are adopted. Hence, the HR unit in a hotel has to place their older employees in the most relevant training to help them prepare for changes in their current jobs. Besides that, older employees would normally take a longer time to adapt to changes, thus the management has to work out appropriate schedules to help their employees to have a proper balance with their job and trainings. D) Older employees tend to have more skills and knowledge in the industry due to the experiences they have gone through. Retaining this skills and knowledge is critical for hotels to ensure that the younger generation will also have these basic skills and knowledge as a platform for them to have an advantage over their competitors. E) Although there is a need to retain these skills and knowledge, there will definitely be a time when one has to retire. However, the aging workforce is usually reluctant to leave their positions as they are emotionally attached to the hotel. This would be a challenge for the hotel to find ways to recruit younger employees, without resulting in excess manpower and high costs, especially for positions in the higher management. If the hotel were to retain most of the older employees, they may miss opportunities on recruiting young employees who can be a more valuable asset to the hotels which helps to bring their standards to a higher level. Solutions It is time for employers to start responding to the potential consequences of the ageing workforce on their businesses. If not well-prepared, employers may find themselves suddenly faced with labour loss, experience and expertise that will be difficult to offset, given the relatively small pool of new employees. With many companies facing the same problem, competition for new talents is likely to surface. A) Hotels can have interviews to know which areas older employees would prefer to work in and the languages they can speak. With the information gathered, hotels will be able to know their strengths and weaknesses which help to determine where to allocate each individual. With the proper job assignment, hotels will be able to maintain a good image, by reassigning the older employees with language barriers to the backhouse such as room attendant. This allows them to be in their comfort zone and after getting used to their task, the productivity will be maximized in both the frontline and backhouse. B) In order to keep older employees engaged and motivated, it is vital for the HR department to maintain constant communication with the older employees and understand any problems, issues and concerns that they are encountering. By treating their employees like family members, it may be a major job happiness-driver for them and thus motivating them to do better for the hotel. Besides that, communication and treating each other with respect ensures that the spirit of their employees is always high. Through job empowerment, employees will have more decision making responsibilities and hence they will feel more respected as an employee as they are given a chance to handle more difficult situation on their own. As for medical benefits, hotels can pay a certain percentage of their medical fees. For example, the hotels will pay 50% of their employee’s medical fees while the other 50% is paid by the employees. C) Facing the challenge that older generation is more conservative, companies can focus on creating a positive work environment for older employees by allowing flexible hours, more communication and constantly motivating them. Some of the actions can be allowing the older employees to have an option to consider different jobs and different sets of responsibilities. Some older employees may wish to devote their later career years to jobs that allow them to develop new competencies. Others may want jobs that are less demanding, these older employees may be interested in making transitions to different jobs within the company or make lateral moves or even to lower positions with a pay reduction. Other than that, the hotel can allow them to have a choice over the number of hours worked and provide them with flexible schedule for trainings. For example, older employees work on reduced-hours such as part-time or job sharing, so as to schedule the rest of their time for trainings that are a rranged for them. D) To retain the skills and knowledge, the older employees can train and guide the younger employees before they retire to ensure that the skills and knowledge are passed down. After retirement, they can come back and help out by overlooking and having workshops to give further training that is needed. E) To attract the younger people, creative ways are needed. For example, the hotel can come up with a program like the popular show â€Å"The Apprentice† by Donald Trump to search for the best employee. However, we must ensure there is no excessive pool of manpower and costs are kept low. The hotels can allow their older employees to be on-call workers or have flexible work schedules. On-call workers are employees who are called to work only when needed, although they can be scheduled for work for several days or weeks in a row. In days when the hotels need a massive number of employees, the on-call workers will be called back. By providing flexible work schedules, older employees are allowed to plan their work schedules with the choice over the number of hours worked. This will prolong the retirement period for older employees by allowing them to work but at a lesser duration, so that younger employees have the chance to excel and there will not be a surplus or shortage in th e manpower. Case Study: Royal Plaza on Scott The Royal Plaza on Scott is a 5-star leading hotel in Singapore. 50% of the hotel 300 employees are classified under the mature and older category. The company recognized the importance of mature employees and has sets out strategy as Singapore faces human capital challenge of managing a mature and older workforce. According to Fiat (2010), The mature employees are valuable assets to the organization as they are able to share their wealth of experience with the younger employees. The hotel taps on their expertise by pairing the mature employees with the younger generation of new hires to provide guidance and encourage cohesiveness. The hotel also implemented a buddy system where a new mature employee is paired with a younger co-worker or vice versa to work together and learn from each other. For example, younger employees may learn from mature and older employees on how to handle difficult customers while guiding their older colleagues on the effective usage of technology at the workplace. (TAFEP, p. 45) Royal Plaza on Scott has developed recruitment strategies like implementing Flexible Working Arrangements (FWA), where there is a flexible work arrangement which includes flexi-time, part time, job shares and compressed workweeks. Health benefits and programmes will also be implemented including regular health screening, health talk, yoga courses, sushi-making classes and others. This is to encourage for a healthy work life balance. Another great strategy used is to set up a Recreational Committee that was assigned to take care of the well being of co-worker. This committee will be in charge of organizing health awareness events, initiatives to create awareness of healthy lifestyle as well as to bond employees of difference generations (TAFEP, 2010, p.46).

Marketing Problems And Issues Faced By Zara Marketing Essay

Marketing Problems And Issues Faced By Zara Marketing Essay Zara clothing is a part of Spanish based Inditex Group, launched in 1975. The sales contribution of Zara clothing is 63.8% in the groups total sales of the financial year 2009. Zara clothing has two main product divisions: mens and womens apparel. Zara is known for its innovative designs around the World; each of the clothing line consists of the following divisions: Upper Garment, Lower Garment, Shoes, Cosmetics and Complements. Kids clothing is included in Zaras catalogue as well. Zara is a vertically integrated retailer which designs, produces and distributes. The company deals mostly with the supply-chain, unlike other competitor retailers of the same market, around half of Zara clothing products are produced in Spain, one third in the rest of Europe, and some in Asian countries and the rest of the world. ZARA has 1,608 stores (including 213 ZARA kids stores) in 74 countries. So while competitors go to Asia for outsource production, Zara makes most of its fashionable items and distributes them to its own stores located in all major cities around the World. At average Zara clothing store is more than 1500 square meters of pure up-to-date fashion. Zara clothing brand is dealing with over ten thousand clothing items a year and Zara has a strategy of launching and distributing a new product to the stores in only time of two weeks. In a result, Zara stores totally change their clothing items each month. Only in the UK, Zara has more than 50 stores in different cities, making Zara the most famous global retailer in the country. Zara clothing is also taking over the American continents by opening multiple locations in The US, Canada and South American countries. Most of the US cities already have Zara clothing sales locations and there are plans to open twice as many stores. According to AT Kearney, the consultants, for the past three years India is at the top of the list of the most attractive market for retail investment. According to Tehnopak, the retail consultants, the revenues of corporate retail sector in India will grow 20-fold from  £7bn ($14.1bn, E10.3bn) to  £140bn over the coming decade. This will reduce the market share of the small family-owned stores that dominate Indian retail. Zaras entry is a test of whether its fast-fashion concept will catch on in India. Zaras trademark is its ability to design, manufacture and deliver a new clothing design to its shops within just two weeks, compared with a nine-month industry average. It takes roughly four weeks to ship a container from Spain to India. Zara already has shops in 74 countries of the World. Financial Highlights (financial year 2009): The financial year 2009 ended with a growth rate of 9% at constant exchange rates. Inditex has also maintained comparable sales over the course of the year. The gross margin, which has increased by 7% to 6,300 million Euros, meaning a 57.1% on sales, 27 basic points more than in the previous year. Operating expenses remain under strict control, with a growth of 7% mainly due to the new retail areas. The contribution of sales in stores located outside Spain has reached 68% of the total figure, and all chains have increased their sales percentages on international markets, demonstrating their desire and ability to expand at a global level. The scale of this effort is clear if we recall that during 2009 alone, we increased our overseas presence to a total of 46 countries. Zaras sales have seen a net growth from 4% to 6% at constant exchange rates, with a 5% growth in EBIT. The main indicators for the financial year 2009 of the group are as under: Net Sales: à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬11,048 Millions EBIT: à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬1,729 Millions Net Sales Zara: à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬7,077 Millions EBIT Zara: à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬1,105 Millions EBIT Margin Zara: 15.6% Problems and Issues: Marketing: Zara has adopted a different marketing strategy form beginning which is not to advertise through traditional media. There are not many businesses which are running without any marketing in this age of communication and technology. If some business is doing good without marketing it dose not mean that the business has captured maximum market and there are no more opportunities to grow. If some business is already doing well, it can do better by launching a marketing campaign and can get more market share. But in last 2 years Zara has changed its strategy slightly and started campaign through some social networking website to keep in touch with its customers. Political issues: According to Fareed Rafiq Zakaria who is a famous Indian American journalist the Indias democracy system has all ability to qualify for illiberal democracy. So that is why the political system is volatile and takes any positive or negative impact on economy on day to day basics. Major political and local political powers plays important role in major citys economy. Foreign investor Zara has very sensitive about its liberal policies due to its main origin of business in Europe is facing very illiberal policies of government in its labour law. And also media the forth pillar of political system play an important part to rock the economic system by flaring up political issues. Due to this Zara is reluctant to invest more in Indian cloth industry which is growing with a GDP of 9% annually. Product: Zara is based in Europe, so it has 3 to 4 main colours which are used by its designers most of the time. But in India there are lots of colours used in readymade cloth industry especially bright colour. Female and male clothes lot of or small embroidery work is like which is lack of Zara fashion designs. Indian consumer likes bright colour for party occasions. Social issues: Cultural differences in India and Europe has a great impact on sales in India due to its designs which are more influenced by Europe. Statistics shows that the Indian cloth market is 490000 million rupees and 30000 million rupees market is only European based apparels. Zaras limited origin designs make its global brand image of fashion industry. Zara opened two shops in Indias metro cities New Delhi and Mumbai but both have vast cloths cultural differences. In New Delhi customers like Indian dresses more than foreign designs but vice versa in Mumbai. There are also traditional cloth designs for special occasions which are lacking in Zara stores. Weather: Indias weather is totally different from Europe because of its five extreme seasons (summer, Monsoon/rainy, winter, spring, autumn) in a year. The winter is of very short duration and not too much cold as compared to Europe and summer (April, May and June) is warmer than Europe. Variation of season requires rapid fashion change according to local weather. At Zara store you will find most of the cloths for normal weather and not for extreme weather. Legal issues: In India there are some legal requirements for foreign companies to start business and the most important one is that you have to make a local partner from India. Zara has started its business with the collaboration of Tata a local Indian business company. Next, Marks Spencer, Accessories, Debenhams and Guess have all franchised their stores to India. Another problem in India is the implementation of copyright law. This is a fact that the day Zara will launch its new design in Indian market it will be pirated in couple of days and you will find the same design at very lower prices in the local shops. Economical issues: The growth rate of Indian economy is comparatively high but it does not affect the life of common people very much because of the unequal distribution of wealth. So the whole population of India should not be considered as a target market of Zara. On the other side high rate of taxes for foreign companies also results into higher prices of the products. Mango, Guess, Esprit, and French Connection are also in line with Zara prices in other markets including Singapore, Dubai and some European markets. It is surprising that the prices in Singapore and Dubai are less than India because Indian duties could add 30-40 percent on retail prices, while duties in these countries are much lower. Devangshu Dutta, managing director of Third Eyesight, a retail consultancy based in the capital, reckons that Inditex may be taking a long-term view of the Indian market and relying on strategic pricing. THE DELIVERY OF A STRATEGIC MARKETING SOLUTION Zara has a very committed and professional team consists of more than 90,000 people. In my point of view Zara should review its strategies and policies now as Zara is now entering in totally different and more competitive markets, like India, of the World. The SWOT analysis of Zara is very helpful to understand the situation which Zara is facing today. Strengths ZARA has a very strong market Image due to quality, style and availability of products. Product/ Brand Image is also very high because of very high quality, reliable products for children, women and men. Strong financial position of ZARA is also our strength which will help us to invest adequately to get favorable results. Due to strong market position there is availability of finance from other financial institutions like banks. ZARA can benefit in saving the cost from existing infrastructure of suppliers. Vast network and store on different main locations all over the UK, Europe and other regions of the World is also our strength. At this time we have availability of suppliers who can provide us required raw material on good prices and we can build good relations with them for future when the competition will be higher. Online availability of our full catalogue is also our strength and customers can see, choose and make a final decision by just sitting home. Weaknesses Due to no marketing strategy and planning the growth rate of market share is very low. High product price is a weakness but we can not compromise on quality and customer services. Proper management and implementation of the new system can take time. Opportunities Well planed customized marketing campaign according to the current requirement of the time. New market search is the next step after capturing our existing market we can go to US and central Asian markets more deeply. More innovation, improved quality and value added products for our customers. Adoption of new technology will help us to lower the cost of our products. Research and development department can be made more efficient and strong for product improvement and availability of the products. Improved and more focused customers service. Continuous training of the staff and labor for cost effective production. Strive to exceed the customers expectations through quality, innovation and customers services. Increase in promotional activities through online marketing to get maximum market share. Building relations and long term contracts with the suppliers will be beneficial for future buying. Threats Entry of new competitors is a threat for our product which can be avoided by building stronger product image in the mind of customer. Unavailability of sufficient raw material because of high number of customers for raw material in the market. In the near future there will be high price of raw material due to increased demand. Availability of raw material in future is another threat and can be managed by involving maximum number of suppliers in the beginning with small quantity orders to all the suppliers. Order quantity can be increased in future as per demand. Low buying power of the customers in existing markets is also a threat and can be managed by searching new markets. Keeping in view the SWOT analysis and our problems and issues Zara should focus on the following points and develop a strategy accordingly: Recommendations: Advertising and Marketing: Unique approach of advertising and marketing within the business model of Zara adds an additional factor to their success. A 0.3% of total income is spent on marketing and advertising. This amount is significantly less than the competitors of Zara who are spending 3-4% of their total revenues on advertising and marketing. The main competitors of Zara like next, Bhs, Debenhams, New Look, HM, John Lewis, MS, asos, peacocks and topshop are the main stores which are more focusing on marketing specially on online presence and are among the top list stores on search engines in fashion and clothing search results. Because Zara is not in putting any effort for online marketing, that is why we do not find it in search results. In this age of communication and technology it is very hard to run a business without marketing and interaction with existing or potential customers. In my point of view Zara should now develop its own IT and marketing department and should launch an online marketing campaign through search engine optimization, social networking websites like facebook, twitter, bebo etc. Email marketing is another highly reliable and reachable idea to convey the message to maximum number of customers in no time. The list of emails can also be used to keep the customers update with latest offers in the store. By using Zaras own website and these social networking website people can keep in touch with store without coming to store and this thing will increase the market share with the help of low cost solution of online marketing. Interactive websites are the main source to attract more traffic and keep in touch with customers which helps to improve and change in products according to the requirements of the customers. This is also the quickest way to get feed back from our valuable customers around the globe. At the moment Zara is more focusing on the development of its stores on the prime locations on the high streets which is also a good strategy but it can not be replaced with a well organized professional marketing campaign which can bring thousands of customers to the store in days. With the help of fully functional interactive website customers can give feed back immediately after using the product and we can improve our products quickly. In the big countries like India where the presence of physical stores is not feasible in every city because the buying power of the customer is not equal and to open a store for small number of customers can not add anything other than heavy losses. In situation like this online store is the best idea to serve the customers who do not have physical access to the store but can afford and buy from online store. Because in India we can find our customers in many cities but the number of the customers will be low, so online marketing and online store will be more helpful to satisfy that market. Additionally, because of the short product development cycles, customers can be trained to visit Zara online stores most of the time because new items are presented weekly and are not restocked often. This feeling of scarcity encourages customers to come to online stores and buy frequently. In order to keep our stores looking fresh and trendy; Zara is investing heavily in their store layouts. Each Zara store is remodeled every five years in order to update with current trends. Same strategy should be followed in India as well to maintain the international standards. Direct marketing is not the top priority of Zara, in fact its the cost advantage and maintenance of brand that adds value to company. Zaras information and communication protocols are highly differentiated from its competitors. Zaras expenditure on IT comprises of less than 0.5% of total income on Information Technology and IT employees are only 0.5% of total workforce of company. In contrast to this Zaras competitors spend around 2% of total revenue on IT and 2.5% of their workforce is involved in IT. Main tools utilized by Zara are human intelligence, from store managers and market research, and information technology such as their PDA devices which forms a hybrid model for information flow from stores to headquarters. For example, handheld devices are provided at Zara stores which are used by managers over there for sending standardized information including customer feedback and ordering needs to in-house designers. So this is the key to keep the designer updated regarding rapidly changing customer demands and trends. Zaras designers not only keep themselves informed of fast-changing trends and demands of custo mers but also participate in formation of hybrid model. Zaras competitors entirely rely on IT applications so here again Zara wins the differentiation by incorporating human intelligence in its hybrid model. Zara obtains uniqueness by adopting human intelligence assisted IT solutions leading to well-organized inventories, thoroughly linked demand and supply, and decreased costs from obsolete merchandise; but this is not the end , there is always room for improvement. IT processes need effective management of levels of inventory. The information and communication system owned by Zara leads to cost advantage to Zaras operations and adds capability of responding rapidly and up to the mark. Zaras business model demarcates its unique concept, capabilities, and value drivers and these have leaded the company to the path of success. Fully concentrated core operations and production abilities, resistance to outsourcing, pin point focus on fashion has given recognition in fashion industry and market. To sustain and maintain such sort of differentiation in the era of global expansion there is need to adapt business capabilities of product development, cost of production, marketing, information and communication technologies and strategic partnerships. Mass media Advertising It is one of the basic requirements of a company to promote the sales of its products. In addition to this, it works as a building block in the process of building of brand identity. Further more it plays important role in communicating changes or changes or new arrivals to the customers. Advertising is considered to be one of the essences of fashion industry. Advertising if properly planned would increase the buzz-value of Zara. For achievement of our objectives following branches of advertising would be utilized. When these media will come into play every member of the society would be having awareness to Zara. Print Advertising The print media remains one of the cost effective source of advertising. Advertisement of products can be carried out via newspapers and magazines. Additionally promotional brochures and fliers would serve the same purpose. The selling price of advertising space in newspapers and magazines is directly related to the position attained by advertisement and the readership of the publications. Our advertisement would be published on the most popular and glossy supplement of magazines and newspapers to catch the eye of customers. Outdoor Advertising Billboards Billboard advertising is very common in Delhi and Mumbai and this trend is going to be followed by Zara to grab the attention of the passers by. This would be supplemented by other outdoor advertising methods to capture larger portion of market. Kiosks: It is not difficult to find malls and railway stations in cities like Mumbai and Delhi. Keeping this thing in mind provision of kiosks can also provide easy outlet for the products of company. Zara would use this marketing strategy as well. Tradeshows and Events We have plans to organize trade fairs, exhibitions and events to draw attention of customers. It would be achieved in collaboration with different local companies which promote fashion industry. Covert Advertising Advertising in Movies All of us know that India is famous for its movie production. We would use this tool as covert advertising as a unique kind of advertising. Almost every weekend a new movie is released. Thousands of people come at one platform and the same platform can be sponsored by Zara to gain the advantage of grabbing customers. Celebrity Advertising We know that audience in India follows the trends adopted by celebrities over there. Celebrities like Amir Khan and John Abraham have already played their role in Zaras promotion campaign. To keep the pace with this strategy is still the part of our marketing layout. Pricing Strategy: In the beginning the competitive pricing strategy should be adopted to capture more market share in India because in most of the large cities of India international brands and stores are already available. One more thing is local shop keeper who will copy Zaras designs and sale them in the market on low prices. To avoid this problem brand image should be communicated through advertising so that customers do not only consider the design but brand and quality as well. For brining marked reduction in prices the production can be started in the host country which will decrease our operating expenses like freight, high cost labour in Europe, import taxes and duties in India. After taking these steps we will be able to compete in the market very easily and can get benefit in long run. Conclusion: Zara has a very strong financial position and growth rate in last couple of years. As Zara has already opened its stores in many developed countries and has started to enter in under developing countries like India, Zara should review and change its strategy related to marketing and production because the circumstances and situation in under developed countries is totally different from developed countries. In most of the developing countries advertisement plays a vital role to communicate the message to the target market especially highly populated countries like India. Marketing is very necessary for the growth of a product or brand and get maximum market share in short time. Traditional and non traditional media should be used to achieve the objectives. Production can be started in the countries where you are going to open new stores; this thing will help to reduce the cost of production, time form production houses to outlets and will increase the safety of the products as well. Another considerable advantage of production in India is that Zara can build good relations with local community by offering jobs to local people and can get better understanding about the market and its requirements. The above mentioned factors will contribute a lot in the long run to get more market share and keep Zara in the Indian market. Friendster, 2009, Zaras Profile http://profiles.friendster.com/97785772 [Accessed 05-08-2010] http://managementfunda.com/advertising-types/

Inertia :: essays research papers

Centuries of thought and experimentation by several of the greatest minds to ever walk the earth have contributed to the awareness of this property of matter known as Inertia. It all began with the investigation of an ancient Greek scientist and philosopher by the name of Aristotle. Through countless observations and hypotheses, Aristotle grew almost certain of a few things involving motion. Aristotle’s findings suggested mainly that Earthly objects seek their natural place at rest. This natural place related to earth, water, air and fire respectably. He also believed that motion must be subjected to unnatural force, meaning motion could not come about without it. In order to maintain this motion, Aristotle stated that force must be applied to the object constantly. These four statements were considered concrete in the world of physics for nearly two thousand years after Aristotle’s passing. It would take an Italian physicist and astronomer named Galileo to eventually disprove his thoughts on motion. Galileo proposed his formulation of the concept of inertia, which is the property of matter that causes it to resist any change of its motion in either direction or speed. In other words, if an object in a state of motion possesses an â€Å"inertia†, it causes the object to remain in that state of motion unless an external force acts on it. Galileo figured this out by first meticulously observing Aristotle’s concept of motion. By virtue of a series of experiments, Galileo realized that the analysis of Aristotle was incorrect because it failed to account properly for a hidden force, the frictional force between the surface and the object. For example if one were to push a block of wood across a table, there would be two opposing forces that act, one of them being the force associated with the push and the other, the force that is associated with the friction, which acts in the opposite direction. Galileo realized as the frictional forces were decreased the object wo uld move further and further before stopping. An English mathematician and physicist by the name of Sir Issac Newton would later develop Galilieo’s idea of inertia into one of his three scientific laws. Aware of other factors that played a roll in the theory of inertia, Newton proposed two other laws that supported it. They are included in his famous three laws of motion. The first law of motion states "a body in motion shall remain in motion moving with a constant speed and direction, unless acted on by an outside force".

EVALUATE MY OWN CURRENT SKILLS AND COMPETENCIES Essay

While working with a adult who suffer’s from ADHD and Dyslexia you can go through different aspect of satisfaction and also aspects that can cause problems and tension at work. The most satisfying feeling at the end of the day when it is time to go home and the person i am careing for has thurully enjoyed the day forgetting about the problems that persist on a daily basis. Human resource functions in an organization include everything that has to do with ‘people’, i.e., their recruitment, induction, retention, welfare, appraisal, growth, training, skill development, attitudinal-orientation, compensation, motivation, ect. Aspects at work that bring satisfaction Good preparation – having a clear idea of what the day involves Interacting in good conversation Solving problems helping him to overcome obsticles to help him understand different aspects that may be hard for him to understand Spontanious days out – being involved with the planning of the day Pay – adequacy of pay Aspects of work that do not bring satisfaction Same activities over and over again Unorganised days out I read that the motivation to investigate the degree of job satisfaction arises from the fact that a better understanding of employee satisfaction is desirable to achieve a higher level of motivation that is directly associated with patient satisfaction. Schermerhorn define job satisfaction as the degree to which individuals feel positive or negative about their jobs. It is an attitude or emotional response to one’s tasks as well as to the physical and social conditions of the workplace. Job satisfaction is motivational and leads to positive employment relationships and high levels of individual job performance. Job satisfaction can be considered as a global feeling about the job or as a related constellation of attitudes about various aspects or facets of the job. The global approach and the facet approach can be used to get a complete picture of employees’ job satisfaction. The work itself – responsibility, interest, and growth Quality of supervision – technical help and social support Relationships with co-workers – social harmony and respect Promotion opportunities – chances for further advancement I think that creating a PDP, Personal development plan can provide a long term vision of where i want my career to go. It would definaltley be considered a positive advantage for short and long term carrer options in the rapidly changing world of work. Planning for my future. Short term goals at work Graduate from college/university two years from now Improve my knowledge and research more in the profession i want to futher my carrer To improve my skills over the next two to three years so I can futher my career Things that i can change with a positive approach to work By identifying the causes behind my undisirable attitude and aproach them in a positive way. I can change the situattions that are affecting my attitude in a negative way are things that i can change. For example, if i find that my attitude changes in a negative way because i feel tired most of the day would be to plan my night before, so i can get more sleep at night, or take power naps during break or lunch times. Also If work is not challenging me enough, then i change my approach to this by taking on some new tasks. I need to focus on a positive mindstate that will help me approach work with a realistic mental image of what my relationship with my job should be. I need to learn to accept the fact that some tasks linked with my job may be less fulfilling than others. When i have lack of motivation i should learn not to let this affect or not allow me to complete my tasks or activities. I must understand that my change of attitude is my own responsibility, and something which i mus t plan and work towards. Evaluate the benifits of self-managed learning to individuals and organisations. link idea’s with my own work experience .. BELOW A broad definition of self managed learning is a process in which individuals manage their own learning and are responsible for controlling how, when, what, why, and where they learn. I will need to set goals for learning by understanding the purpose of what i want to achieve. Self-managed learning can benifit me by helping me to understand  and overcome difficulties at work. I need to learn more about the disability’s that the person i care for has, and try to plan more wisely my approach to deal with situatuions that occur. Larning outcome 2 (LO2) EVALUATE MY OWN CURRENT SKILLS AND COMPETENCIES AGAINST PROFESSIONAL STANDARDS AND ORGANISATIONAL OBJECTIVES – BELOW IDENTIFY OWN DEVELOPMENT NEEDS AND THE ACTIVITIES REQUIRED TO MEET THEM †¦ BELOW DEVISE A PERSONAL AND PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT PLAN WITH CLEAR AIMS AND OBJECTIVES AND TIMESCALE BASED ON IDENTIFIED NEEDS †¦ BELOW DISCUSS THE PROCESSES AND ACTIVITIES REQUIRED TO IMPLEMENT THE DEVELOPMENT PLAN INCLUDING EFFECTIVE TIME MANAGEMENT SRATAGIES – REFLECT ON TIME MANAGEMENT STRATAGIES THAT I WILL NEED TO IMPLY IN ORDER TO SUCCESSFULLY COMPLETER MY DEVELOPMENT AN MEET MY DEMANDS †¦.. BELOW Learning outcome 3 (LO3) UNDERTAKE AND DOCUMENT THE DEVELOPMENT ACTIVITIES AS PLANNED . USING YOUR DEVELOPMENT PLAN. COMPLETE THE ACTIVITIES THAT YOU SET OUT AS YOUR NEEDS FOR DEVELOPMENT . RESEARCH WAYS IN WHICH I CAN DEVELOP MYSELF AS A PERSON IN MY CHOOSEN PROFESSION REFLECT CRITICALLY ON MY OWN LEARNING AGAINST THE ORIGINAL AIMS AND OBJECTIVES SET IN DEVELOPMENT PLAN .. SHORT CRITICAL REFLECTION ON MY PROGRESS IN TERMS OF MY AIMS AND OBJECTIVES I SET ON MY DEVEPMENT PLAN .. CAN USE FEEDBACK FROM WORK COLLEGUES CONSIDER LEARNING STYLES AND STRATAGIES : TYPES OF STYLES : AWARENESS OF OWN PERSONAL STYLE : IMPACT OF PERSONAL STYLE AND INTERACTIONS WITH OTHERS LEARNING FROM OTHERS : FORMAL LEARNING . TRAING : OBSERVATION : MENTORING : SUPERVISION : TUTORIALS : INFORMAL NETWORKS : TEAM MEMBERS : LINE MAGERS : OTHER PROFESSIONS MONITORING . REFLECTING . PLANING Learning outcome 4 (LO4) SEE PIECE OF PAPER USE ALL IMFORMATION AND SKILLS THAT I HAVE GAINED THOUGHOUT THE UNIT AN DEMENSTATE MY ABILITY TO SOLVE A PROBLEM IN THE WORK PLACE SITUATIONS

My Dream Job Essay

For many years since I was young I had the passion to be a police officer, I wanted to be that hero who I seen on television that saved everybody from danger and harm but little did I know it wasn’t as easy as television made it come out to be. As my school days passed I finally came to a conclusion of what I wanted my life to be like. High school was the turning point where I no longer wanted to be a police officer anymore, I grew knowledge of better opportunities for me and being a police officer just wasn’t enough for me. I wanted a job that was going to give me the ability to live high class and buy the expensive things I wish I could have had when I was young. Homicide detective was my next goal in my life to be, I’ve watched many episodes of a show called â€Å"The First 48†³ and it inspired me to want to solve murders for people who didn’t have the chance to tell their side of the story. The First 48 showed many positive sides of being a homicide detective but gave little information about what the actual job itself was like. Seeing dead bodies didn’t seem so bad to me but as I thought about it I asked myself if this is really what I wanted my everyday life to be like, the only thing i was concerned about was interrogating criminals to solve the case but the fact of seeing dead bodies everyday didn’t sit right with me. I was back at step one; trying to figure out what I wanted to be in life. Senior year came faster than expected and there I was clueless about my future, it was time to settle down and narrow down my options. I was certain that I wanted to work in the criminal justice industry so now all I had to do was research. My absolute final life decision was made and I just knew that being a family attorney was it for me. Now that I knew what I wanted to be I had to do deeper research than I have done before. I found that there’s not just one type of lawyer there are several different kinds such as; real estate, corporate, family, criminal, employment and so on its just a matter of fact what you’re interested in and want to do. Real estate lawyers deal with real property transactions that have gone wrong and take on cases that deal with mortgage or disclosure fraud and they even help with subdivision and zoning laws, most real estate lawyers are often highly specialized and work long hours depending on the client. There are numerous skills that you must have in order to be a successful real estate lawyer and that includes developing a broad business law foundation and having strong negotiating skills. Education is a big aspect when it comes to taking on this certain kind of job â€Å"A real estate lawyer must obtain a juris doctorate degree from a school accredited by the American Bar Association along with an attorney’s license through passing the bar exam†. Most employers often require several years of transaction preparation and contract negotiation but when it’s all done and said the salary could but quite rewarding â€Å"The average salary for a real estate lawyer is $118,000. Salary depends on the hourly rate charged and job experience. Working in a large firm or becoming a partner increases a real estate lawyer’s pay†. Corporate lawyers on the other hand are called when business advice is needed or they do what’s best in the interest of the corporation they are working for but they are also known for many different names too â€Å"A corporate lawyer is also known as In-House Counsel, Staff Attorney, Deputy General Counsel, General Counsel and Chief Legal Officer†. They have many duties that require a strong background in several different areas which means that you would have to have writing, negotiating and managerial skills. Corporate lawyer salaries could range from $66,000 to $170,000 but could only be possible with the education of having a juris doctorate degree that is received from an accredited law school by the American Bar Association. The job of a family lawyer could be a lot more emotional due to the life changing decisions that are made in court. Family lawyers deal with a wide variety of family issues such as child custody, legal separation, child support, marriage annulment and visitation rights. Family attorneys are also called divorce and family practice lawyers, it’s a shame how â€Å"Forty to fifty percent of all marriages in the United States end in divorce† but that’s just my opinion. The process of a divorce with no fault came to effect in 1969 when â€Å"California was the first state to legalize no-fault divorce. In 2010, New York was the last of the fifty states to approve it. No-fault divorce does not require any evidence of wrong-doing on the part of either spouse. Although divorce is a difficult emotional decision, in terms of the law, it can easily be granted under a no-fault divorce ruling†. Adivorce lawyer’s responsibility is to separate the assets and debt between the spouses, if children are involved the lawyer helps set the terms for child support and custody. Divorce lawyers must have excelling unique skills as a attentive listener because decisions made in and out of court will greatly affect the client’s life. There aren’t any specific education requirements for family lawyers although some courses are advised but passing the bar exam and attending law school is compulsory. Salaries for family attorneys can range from $48,000 to $80,000 and as they build their reputation their hourly rate and salary could most likely increase. Criminal Lawyers on the other hand represent their client in a criminal court system that goes through pretrial hearings, settlement conferences, trials and sentence hearings. They defend juveniles (teenagers), and adults at a state, federal and local level. Criminal lawyers often work on several cases at a time so it could be quite difficult to keep on with all your clients sometimes. They also offer legal counsel if it would be in their clients best interest. The process of going through the process can take time â€Å"There is a vast amount of time spent gathering evidence like police reports, eyewitness testimonies and any other information pertinent to the case. As a result, criminal lawyers utilize the expertise of paralegals, private investigators, litigation consultants and others to assist them†. As far as the salary for criminal lawyers â€Å"The average salary of a criminal lawyer is $78,500. However, the salary can range from $45,000 to $130,000. Interestingly, private criminal lawyers make the lowest earnings among lawyers. Experience and rising to the top of the career ladder however increases a criminal lawyer’s pay scale† so getting your business put out would be a main priority so that you could make more money. After all the options I looked over I decided that being a family lawyer would be the best decision for me because I think it would be a great thing if I helped families get over the pain that they’ve been through and also help the kids that are in the middle of it to be with the best parent that is best suitable for them and to have them in a safe environment and home. I hope to work in a successful big law firm one day and make a good living so that when I do decide to have kids I can be a great provider for them and put them through schooling like my parents were able to do for me.