Comparison of the Three Major Sociological Theories

SOCIOLOGY 303

CLASSICAL THEORY

Comment on the common chord types of sociological theories, explain and argue, establish on

your subroutine library or Internet research, which type of theory is the most appropriate

theory for sociology to adopt.

The three general types of sociological theory are confirming, interpretive and

critical theory. In determining which theory is the most appropriate for sociology to

adopt, a canonic understanding of each theorys strengths and weaknesses is necessary. In

defining each of these theories, it is important to determine the ontological basis or the

theorys basis for determining what is knowable; the epistemic basis or the theorys

relationship between the knower and the knowable; and, finally, the methodological basis

or the theorys method for gathering data and obtaining knowledge.

A. POSITIVISTIC

1. Ontology.

The plusic theory is based on an ontology of being a realist. The realistic

slant of positivism is also cognise as determinism. The positivist knows that a reality is

out there to be be and categorized. The hard sciences from the time of Newton

and Decartes have traditionally relied on the positivistic approach. The positivist hopes to

be able to approximate reality in a enlarge generalization or theory on how reality

operates. The theories of a positivist generally take the form of cause and effect laws

describing the out-of-door reality.



Robert Merton defined these theorems as clear verifiable

statements of the relationships between specified variables.

2. Epistemology.

Positivism relies on an verifiable epistemology. The observer remains distant and

does not interact with the poster or experiment. Values and any other factors that

might lead to bow are to be carefully removed so that the cold, monological regard of

science can be used to analyze the data. The positivist is an objectivist.

3. Methodology.

The methodology of positivism is experimental and manipulative. The approach is...

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