Systems of EU Government and Political Parties

1) What is the description the policy- do parties?\nW. Phillips Shively defines policy-making parties as: \nA political troupe is a sort come out of officials or would be officials who be tie in with a sizable group of citizens into an organization; a head object of this organization is to visualize that its officials attain power or are maintained in power.  Actually, political party is a group of lot with identical opinions and aims, who stand for as unity unit, express champion political theory and everybody from the party have to fate it. Also, political party act as a standoff between government and hunting lodge (citizens) through with(predicate) some institutions and at once by communication with people to represent interests of each others. Its big to mention, that without interconnection of these two sides, its unsufferable to govern the state. Moreover, different political parties have different ideology, its so called party families  for example : The hearty Democrats, which is the most powerful, The Communists, The New Life, light-green Parties, The Christian Democrats and etc.\n\n2) What are the main functions of the political parties?\n cardinal of the main purpose of the political parties is uniting people in one group and ca-ca to an office the leader of the political party, who will represents their interests, goals and mainly could moderate a power. Second one is a policy making process, basically, political parties take positions on important policy questions and when political party have copious power, they may put the idea on examination through legislation. If the majority will sanction this activity, consequently, the candidate take a mandate to carry out the program. I have to convey that, coalition (majority of members) which consist from political parties represent the Government and on that point is an opposition side (minority of members), moreover, they unceasingly want to be rather of majority t o run the state.\n\n3) Who are the main political scientists whole works on political parties? How did...